Factors responsible for location of industries
Geographical Factors:
Raw Material
- Sugarcane
- Pulp
- Copper
- Iron
- Coal
Water Supply & Power
- Rivers- Hydro electricity
- Lakes
- Oceans
Land
- Plains
Climate
- Tropical & Humid climate needed for Cotton
Historical Factors:
- Colonisation - led to large spacial coverage by different types of industries in india
- Worldwars
Political Factors:
Power
- Aluminium
- Synthetic nitrogen manufacturing
Industrial policy
- Incentives & policies by respected governments
Economical Factors:
Market
- Cotton
- Petroleum refineries
- Ports - Imports & exports
Transport
- Waterways
- Railways
- Roadways
Labour
- Available mostly in densely populated regions
Capital
- Urban centres provide Banking and insurance services
The key decision of factory location is “Least Cost"
Weight losing industries
- AKA Raw Material oriented Industries
- raw materials which lose weight in the process of manufacture, due to their perishable nature
- So,can not be transported over long distances
Example
- Iron and Steel
- Coal
- Jute
- Sugar
Iron & Steel
The Development of iron & steel industry opened doors to rapid industrialisation in india.
Best location ,
- Before 1800 - Running water ,power supply & raw materials
- 1800-1950 - Near Coal Fields,Canals & railways
- After 1950 - Flat land near sea ports - Why? - industry became large ,so required more imported iron ore
Instance,
Take TISCO,
- Transport - [Bengal -Nagpur railway line]
- raw material - iron ore, coal from jharia & manganese from odisha
- port - Kolkata
- Workers - Kolkata ( urban centre )
- water - subarnarekha & khaki river
- Govt policies
CHOTA NAGPUR plateau -Have high concentration of these industries.
COAL
PITTSBURGH [USA]
- Raw Materials - Locally available
- Transport - Great lakes
- Water supply- Monogahala /allegere rivers
JUTE
In India ,
1.1st Jute mill - on the banks of Hubli river ,Kolkata
2.Now Mostly at WB
Why?
- Inexpensive water transport
- Network of railways ,road ways & water ways
- Abundant water
- Cheap labour
- Kolkata- urban centre - provides banking insurance & port facilities
Sugar
India
- 2nd largest producer of sugar in the world
- 1st in Gur & khadam production
Location : Maharastra
Why?
- High Sucrose content in Canes
- Cool Climate with long Crushing season - Actually it have to be crushed with in 24 hours of harvest ,if not loses weight
- Co-operatives-Becoz its seasonal in nature.
Weight Gaining Industries
- AKA Market oriented Industries
- Raw material needed for these industries ,won’t lose weight
- So,Can be transported over long distances ,where market is available
Instances,
- Cotton
- Rubber
- Glass
- Chemical
Cotton
India :
Before British:
- Muslin - Dhaka
- Chiatzen - Masulipatnam
- Chlicos - calcutta
- Gold Wroght cotton - burhanpur
Development in India :
- Tropical Country
- Skilled labours
- Swadeshi Movement
- Building of Railways
Location:
1.Mumbai
- warm ,Moist Climate
- Port - for importing machines
- Raw material availability
- Skilled labour
- Availability of power
2.Gujarat
- Ahmedabad - Manchester of India
- Flat terrains
- Humid climate
- Densely populated
- Roads & Rail infrastructure
- Nearby Mumbai port - imports & exports
World:
Location : Osaka,Japan
- Osaka - Manchester of japan.
Why?
- Extreme plains
- Humid climate
- River Yodo
- Easy availability of labour
- Port Facility
Chemical
- Drug & pharmaceutical Indutry
- Petro chemical industry
- Synthetic fibres
Petro chemical industry
- Near Oil refineries or petroleum chemical plants .Example Mumbai High .
- Petro chemicals ,used as raw materials for drug & pharmaceutical plants.
Fertilisers
"India- Largest producer of Natural fertilisers"
- Nitrogen fertilisers
- India, NO reserves of potash /Potassium in any form
- So, certainly imported
After Green Revolution,
- Industry Expanded to other parts of the country .
Auto Mobile Industry
- Developed after 1991 Reforms
- Maruti + Suzuki
- Hero + Honda
Other Industries
Cement:
"Market - Export to gulf Countries"
Location :Gujarat
- Heavy raw materials
- Coal & electric power
- Transportation
- Developed since 1989 Reforms
Aluminium:
- Regular supply of electricity
- Assured source of raw material at minimal cost
Footloose Industries
- use very wide range of light raw materials and the attractive influence of each separate material diminishes.
Location :
- with no reference to raw materials
- wide range of locations is possible within an area of sufficient population density
Examples:
- Diamond
- Honey
- Computers
- Watch
- Electronics
Challenges Facing by these Industries.
Iron & Steel
- Higher costs
- Limited availability
- Irregular supply of energy
- Poor infrastructure
Cotton
- Handloom - less production 7 time consuming
- Eratic power supply
- Needs Machinery upgradation
- Stiff Competition
Jute
- Stiff competition with international market
Sugar
- Seasonal in nature
- Old & efficient methods
- Transport delay
- Need to maximise use of baggage
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